The Dutch and the Spaniards battle it out for soccer supremacy in the 2010 FIFA World Cup today. Although the Philippines is not a participant, since soccer is not a popular sport here, some Filipino sports enthusiast won’t pass on the chance to take a piece of the action or at least the hype as the world watches the battle from Johannesberg, South Africa.
The Dutch and the Spaniards had fought each other in some other time and circumstances in history. The rivalry was beyond sports or anything to do with ‘friendly competition’. In fact it was a bitter battle for conquest and dominion. It was a war story woven with the tale of faith. And it happened here in the Philippines.
In 1646, when the Philippines was still under the colonial rule of Spain, fifteen Dutch armed-strong fleet battled against two Spanish galleons in five naval encounters, known in history as the “Battles of La Naval.”
The attacks couldn’t have happened in more strategic timing when Manila was devastated by an earthquake in November the previous year. Moreover, it was part of the Spanish-Dutch War (1568-1648) which reached even the colonies in Southeast Asia. While the Philippines was then under Catholic Spain, Formosa (now Taiwan) and Indonesia were under the Dutch Protestants. In fact, preparations for the invasion were done in Indonesia.
The age of glory and faith went in hand with the perils of rivalry and envy. In the wide world, Catholic Spain had rivals and foes to contest her power; even destroy her mission to evangelize and civilize her land discoveries. Such were the Dutch and English privateers who were not only after the richness of the Philippine archipelago but also eager to supplant Catholicism with Dutch Protestant Calvinism. It was the age of galleon trade under the emblem of the cross and of Spain versus the age of the heretics with the banner of the skull and bones.
One such marauder, followers of Drake and Cavendish, sailed into Philippines waters and on March 15, 1646, a Dutch frigate fleet of five threatened Manila. Two Spanish galleons, veterans of the Acapulco trade, were hastily readied and sent out to defend the city. These sallied forth to meet the enemy, “trusting more to win by spiritual weapons than weapons of war.” The Spanish soldiers, religious and Filipinos among the crew, in one galleon named Almiranta (later named Nuestra Señora de la Encarnacion), prayed the holy rosary on their knees, trusting that they shall succeed against the enemy.
The enemy was sighted off the coast of Bolinao, Pangasinan and was engaged in battle from three to seven in the evening. The two galleons, the Almiranta and Capitana (later named Nuestra Señora del Rosario), valiantly fought with four Dutch fleet. It was two Spanish galleons against four of the Dutch. After a fierce artillery fight, the enemy fled with lights in their ship decks put off to avoid pursuit. The Almiranta was damaged but with only two casualties.
On July 29, the second battle was fought between Baton Island and Marinduque. The two bulky galleons in their patrols met seven enemy frigates, well-armed with superior artillery, manned by some 800 men. It was two galleons of the Spaniards versus seven of the Dutch. The chronicles of these events relate that the “battle was one of the fiercest and bloodiest lasting from seven in the evening till four at dawn—at which time, seeing how grievously maltreated their ships were and one on fire, they did retreat and seek shelter, and would not give battle though we called them to it.”
The chroniclers wrote that before the start of this battle, Fr. Juan de Cuenca, O.P., the chaplain of the Capitana, encouraged the soldiers and crew by saying that theirs shall be the victory. The armada’s commanding general, in a loud voice, made a vow that they promised to the blessed Virgin to go barefoot on pilgrimage to her shrine in the Dominican church and celebrate a special feast for her in thanksgiving for the victory they were seeking through her intercession. The same vow was made by the admiral of the other galleon.
The age of glory and faith went in hand with the perils of rivalry and envy. In the wide world, Catholic Spain had rivals and foes to contest her power; even destroy her mission to evangelize and civilize her land discoveries. Such were the Dutch and English privateers who were not only after the richness of the Philippine archipelago but also eager to supplant Catholicism with Dutch Protestant Calvinism. It was the age of galleon trade under the emblem of the cross and of Spain versus the age of the heretics with the banner of the skull and bones.
One such marauder, followers of Drake and Cavendish, sailed into Philippines waters and on March 15, 1646, a Dutch frigate fleet of five threatened Manila. Two Spanish galleons, veterans of the Acapulco trade, were hastily readied and sent out to defend the city. These sallied forth to meet the enemy, “trusting more to win by spiritual weapons than weapons of war.” The Spanish soldiers, religious and Filipinos among the crew, in one galleon named Almiranta (later named Nuestra Señora de la Encarnacion), prayed the holy rosary on their knees, trusting that they shall succeed against the enemy.
The enemy was sighted off the coast of Bolinao, Pangasinan and was engaged in battle from three to seven in the evening. The two galleons, the Almiranta and Capitana (later named Nuestra Señora del Rosario), valiantly fought with four Dutch fleet. It was two Spanish galleons against four of the Dutch. After a fierce artillery fight, the enemy fled with lights in their ship decks put off to avoid pursuit. The Almiranta was damaged but with only two casualties.
On July 29, the second battle was fought between Baton Island and Marinduque. The two bulky galleons in their patrols met seven enemy frigates, well-armed with superior artillery, manned by some 800 men. It was two galleons of the Spaniards versus seven of the Dutch. The chronicles of these events relate that the “battle was one of the fiercest and bloodiest lasting from seven in the evening till four at dawn—at which time, seeing how grievously maltreated their ships were and one on fire, they did retreat and seek shelter, and would not give battle though we called them to it.”
The chroniclers wrote that before the start of this battle, Fr. Juan de Cuenca, O.P., the chaplain of the Capitana, encouraged the soldiers and crew by saying that theirs shall be the victory. The armada’s commanding general, in a loud voice, made a vow that they promised to the blessed Virgin to go barefoot on pilgrimage to her shrine in the Dominican church and celebrate a special feast for her in thanksgiving for the victory they were seeking through her intercession. The same vow was made by the admiral of the other galleon.
Two days later, the enemy reappeared with six well-armed frigates between Mindoro and the island of Maestro de Campo. It was two of the Spaniards against six of the Dutch. The bloody encounter lasted from high noon to the Angelus (six in the evening) of July 31, 1646.
When the smoke of battle cleared up, they saw the Dutch fleet beating a hasty retreat abandoning one crippled ship and losing one. No casualty was reported in the two Spanish galleons. “And our armada,” the chronicles continued, “acclaimed that victory as miraculous and attributed it to our Lady, saying that she herself had fought and not men.” According to testimonies that the soldiers were shouting during the battle crying: “Viva la fe de Cristo! Viva la Virgen del Rosario!”
Hardly had the two galleons been repaired and refurbished when news came that a fresh Dutch fleet was nearing Mariveles. The galleons once again set to grapple with the superior enemy force. For ten hours on September 24, 1646, this fourth battle was bitterly fought between Ambil and Lubang islands near the coast of Batangas. And “seeing themselves hard pressed, the enemy escaped and took flight as our ships pursued and give fire still, though one, our Capitana, had been hit in the side and was feared for and yet it did not sink.” Seven men on the defenders’ side gave their lives for the victory.
On October 3, while one of the galleons was on patrol off Mariveles and the Almiranta undergoing repairs in nearby Cavite, three of the Dutch frigates returned to the scene of their last defeat and engaged the lone galleon. It was one Spanish galleon versus three of the Dutch.
The written testimonies say that the enemy “surrounded and fiercely set on her and fired on so close that there was long a danger of their boarding the ship. But our men, calling on God and our blessed lady, rose to the contest in such a way that they inflicted a woeful destruction among the enemy, and totally destroyed one ship and scattered the others which fleeting were met and severely punished by the ship “Galera” sent to our aid.”
There were only four casualties, Filipinos among them, in that fifth and final naval battle. Only fifteen men, in fact, had been lost by the defenders in all five encounters.
As Filipinos and as devotees of our Lady, we wonder: What would have become of our faith if the Dutch had prevailed? What impact did La Naval have in Philippine history?
Let the late National Artist for Literature and chronicler of La Naval, Nick Joaquin, answer these in his book Manila, My Manila:
“Imagine the Philippines as part of Indonesia! That seems incredible today— but it’s a might-has-been of our history. There was a time in the 17th century when our fate hung in the balance. Had events gone the other way, there might have been no Philippines at all.”
After these historic battles, the Dutch indeed no longer threatened the sovereignty of these islands by annexing it to the Dutch East Indies comprising then the Malayan archipelago. And never again was Catholicism threatened by Calvin’s Protestant followers in this part of the world.
With this answer I am sure you will feel a sense of national pride, also of humility and profound gratitude to God through the intercession of our Lady for keeping us sovereign and free.
VIVA LA VIRGEN DE MANILA!
And yes, the Spaniards was victorious versus the Dutch claiming its first World Cup title shortly before this was posted.
When the smoke of battle cleared up, they saw the Dutch fleet beating a hasty retreat abandoning one crippled ship and losing one. No casualty was reported in the two Spanish galleons. “And our armada,” the chronicles continued, “acclaimed that victory as miraculous and attributed it to our Lady, saying that she herself had fought and not men.” According to testimonies that the soldiers were shouting during the battle crying: “Viva la fe de Cristo! Viva la Virgen del Rosario!”
Hardly had the two galleons been repaired and refurbished when news came that a fresh Dutch fleet was nearing Mariveles. The galleons once again set to grapple with the superior enemy force. For ten hours on September 24, 1646, this fourth battle was bitterly fought between Ambil and Lubang islands near the coast of Batangas. And “seeing themselves hard pressed, the enemy escaped and took flight as our ships pursued and give fire still, though one, our Capitana, had been hit in the side and was feared for and yet it did not sink.” Seven men on the defenders’ side gave their lives for the victory.
On October 3, while one of the galleons was on patrol off Mariveles and the Almiranta undergoing repairs in nearby Cavite, three of the Dutch frigates returned to the scene of their last defeat and engaged the lone galleon. It was one Spanish galleon versus three of the Dutch.
The written testimonies say that the enemy “surrounded and fiercely set on her and fired on so close that there was long a danger of their boarding the ship. But our men, calling on God and our blessed lady, rose to the contest in such a way that they inflicted a woeful destruction among the enemy, and totally destroyed one ship and scattered the others which fleeting were met and severely punished by the ship “Galera” sent to our aid.”
There were only four casualties, Filipinos among them, in that fifth and final naval battle. Only fifteen men, in fact, had been lost by the defenders in all five encounters.
As Filipinos and as devotees of our Lady, we wonder: What would have become of our faith if the Dutch had prevailed? What impact did La Naval have in Philippine history?
Let the late National Artist for Literature and chronicler of La Naval, Nick Joaquin, answer these in his book Manila, My Manila:
“Imagine the Philippines as part of Indonesia! That seems incredible today— but it’s a might-has-been of our history. There was a time in the 17th century when our fate hung in the balance. Had events gone the other way, there might have been no Philippines at all.”
After these historic battles, the Dutch indeed no longer threatened the sovereignty of these islands by annexing it to the Dutch East Indies comprising then the Malayan archipelago. And never again was Catholicism threatened by Calvin’s Protestant followers in this part of the world.
With this answer I am sure you will feel a sense of national pride, also of humility and profound gratitude to God through the intercession of our Lady for keeping us sovereign and free.
VIVA LA VIRGEN DE MANILA!
And yes, the Spaniards was victorious versus the Dutch claiming its first World Cup title shortly before this was posted.
VIVA ESPAÑA!
(simultaneously posted on http://danflame.blogspot.com)
Do have a copy of Nick Joaquin's
ReplyDeleteManila, My Manila?
Can you send me the article about La Naval written by Nick Joaquin in this book?
here's my email:
johnryanmarudodebil@yahoo.com
unfortunately, i am also looking for a copy. the quote here was from a local magazine. but i'll keep you post if i do get a copy. God bless!
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